1. 4 groups have sizes [6, 13, 21, 20] with averages [61, 110, 116, 48]. What is the overall average? A. 82.53 B. 86.53 C. 87.53 D. 91.53 2. Two teams of sizes 8 and 10 have averages 37 and 22. Find overall average. A. 30.67 B. 28.67 C. 34.67 D. 23.67 3. Two quantities

1. The notation R2 ← R1 in RTL represents: A) Data moves from R2 to R1 B) Data moves from R1 to R2 C) R1 and R2 are swapped D) R1 is cleared after transfer 2. The control function in RTL is used to: A) Identify bus direction B) Specify hardware implementation C) Indicate when

1. Which of the following is NOT a primitive data type in most programming-language type systems? A. Integer B. Floating point C. Record D. Character 2. The base (radix) of the hexadecimal number system is: A. 8 B. 10 C. 16 D. 2 3. What is the 2’s complement of the 8-bit binary number 00110110?

1. Which of the following number systems is base 16? A) Binary B) Decimal C) Hexadecimal D) Octal 2. A digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations is called a: A) Control Unit B) ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) C) Register D) Decoder 3. The output of an AND gate is 1 only when: A)

1. In instruction pipelining, the main goal is to: A. Increase latency B. Decrease throughput C. Increase instruction throughput D. Reduce instruction size 2. The performance of a pipelined processor depends primarily on: A. Clock frequency B. Number of ALUs C. Number of pipeline stages and hazards D. Size of cache memory 3. A pipeline

1. The ALU performs which of the following operations? a) Only logical operations b) Only arithmetic operations c) Both arithmetic and logical operations d) Memory management operations 2. In an ALU, the carry look-ahead adder improves performance by: a) Reducing gate delay b) Reducing carry propagation time c) Increasing number of adders d) Removing multiplexers

1. A machine instruction typically consists of an opcode and operands. Which part tells the CPU what operation to perform? A. Operand field B. Addressing mode C. Opcode D. Program counter 2. Which addressing mode uses an address specified directly in the instruction? A. Register indirect B. Immediate C. Direct D. Indexed 3. In the

1. Which shell built-in redirects both stdout and stderr to the same file, overwriting it? A) command >file 2>&1 B) command &> file C) command > file 2>&1 D) command 1>file &2 2. What does exec 3>out.txt do in a bash script? A) Executes 3>out.txt as a command B) Opens file descriptor 3 for reading

1. The main purpose of DOS is to: A) Connect to the Internet B) Manage files and hardware resources C) Run graphical applications only D) Provide multitasking support 2. Which of the following is a valid DOS file name? A) data.report B) mydocument.txt C) report.doc D) longfilename.txt 3. In DOS, the maximum length of a

Q1. In memory hierarchy, which of the following statements is most accurate? a) Concept related to memory hierarchy efficiency enhancement b) Concept that deals with memory hierarchy hardware faults c) Core principle governing memory hierarchy optimization d) Method unrelated to memory hierarchy performance Q2. In i/o systems, which of the following statements is most accurate?