Nose in Human Anatomy MCQ Questions and Answers

1. The nasal cavity floor is formed mainly by the:
A) Cribriform plate of ethmoid
B) Palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone
C) Nasal bone and frontal bone
D) Body of sphenoid
Answer: B) Palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone

2. The roof of the nasal cavity includes the:
A) Maxillary sinus roof only
B) Nasal bones, frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid and body of sphenoid
C) Palatine aponeurosis
D) Inferior nasal concha
Answer: B) Nasal bones, frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid and body of sphenoid

3. The sphenopalatine foramen transmits which important vessel into the nasal cavity?
A) Superior labial artery
B) Anterior ethmoidal artery
C) Sphenopalatine artery (branch of maxillary artery)
D) Facial artery main trunk
Answer: C) Sphenopalatine artery (branch of maxillary artery)

4. Kiesselbach’s plexus on the anterior nasal septum includes all the following arteries EXCEPT:
A) Anterior ethmoidal artery
B) Posterior lateral nasal (sphenopalatine) artery only — posterior bleed source
C) Superior labial artery (branch of facial)
D) Greater palatine artery
Answer: B) Posterior lateral nasal (sphenopalatine) artery only — posterior bleed source

5. The nasolacrimal duct drains into the:
A) Middle meatus
B) Inferior meatus
C) Superior meatus
D) Sphenoethmoidal recess
Answer: B) Inferior meatus

6. The main sensory nerve supplying the anterior superior part of nasal septum and lateral wall (including olfactory groove area) is:
A) Maxillary nerve (V2) branches only
B) Anterior ethmoidal nerve (branch of nasociliary, V1)
C) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
D) Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Answer: B) Anterior ethmoidal nerve (branch of nasociliary, V1)

7. The nerve that supplies general sensation to the posterior part of the nasal septum is primarily:
A) Ophthalmic division (V1)
B) Sphenopalatine (posterior superior nasal) branches from maxillary nerve (V2)
C) Facial nerve (VII)
D) Vagus nerve (X)
Answer: B) Sphenopalatine (posterior superior nasal) branches from maxillary nerve (V2)

8. The paranasal sinus that drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess is the:
A) Maxillary sinus
B) Sphenoid sinus
C) Anterior ethmoidal air cells
D) Frontal sinus via hiatus
Answer: B) Sphenoid sinus

9. The hiatus semilunaris is located in the:
A) Superior meatus
B) Middle meatus
C) Inferior meatus
D) Nasopharynx
Answer: B) Middle meatus

10. Which paranasal sinuses commonly drain into the middle meatus via the ethmoidal infundibulum?
A) Posterior ethmoids only
B) Frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoidal sinuses
C) Sphenoid and posterior ethmoids only
D) All sinuses directly into inferior meatus
Answer: B) Frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoidal sinuses

11. The olfactory epithelium is located mainly on the:
A) Inferior nasal concha and vestibule
B) Superior nasal concha and superior part of nasal septum
C) Anterior nasal vestibule only
D) Floor of nasal cavity only
Answer: B) Superior nasal concha and superior part of nasal septum

12. The foramen that transmits the nasopalatine nerve to the anterior hard palate is the:
A) Sphenopalatine foramen
B) Incisive (nasopalatine) canal
C) Greater palatine foramen
D) Foramen rotundum
Answer: B) Incisive (nasopalatine) canal

13. Posterior epistaxis (severe nosebleed) most commonly arises from which artery?
A) Superior labial artery
B) Anterior ethmoidal artery
C) Sphenopalatine artery (posterolateral branches)
D) Angular artery
Answer: C) Sphenopalatine artery (posterolateral branches)

14. The nasal septum is formed anteriorly by cartilage and posteriorly by which bones?
A) Vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid only
B) Vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid (plus crest of maxilla and palatine bones inferiorly)
C) Maxilla and zygoma only
D) Frontal bone and sphenoid only
Answer: B) Vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid (plus crest of maxilla and palatine bones inferiorly)

15. The lateral nasal wall contains the openings of the nasolacrimal duct and which meatus?
A) Superior meatus only
B) Inferior meatus (nasolacrimal duct opens here)
C) Middle meatus only
D) Sphenoethmoidal recess only
Answer: B) Inferior meatus (nasolacrimal duct opens here)

16. The anterior ethmoidal artery is a branch of which parent artery?
A) External carotid artery directly
B) Ophthalmic artery (branch of internal carotid)
C) Maxillary artery directly
D) Facial artery
Answer: B) Ophthalmic artery (branch of internal carotid)

17. The sphenopalatine ganglion (pterygopalatine ganglion) provides which fibers to the nasal mucosa?
A) Somatic motor to nasal muscles
B) Parasympathetic secretomotor fibers and some sensory/postganglionic sympathetic vasomotor fibers
C) Somatic efferent for nasal septum cartilage
D) Motor to levator palati only
Answer: B) Parasympathetic secretomotor fibers and some sensory/postganglionic sympathetic vasomotor fibers

18. The major nerve transmitting smell (special sensory) from olfactory epithelium is:
A) Trigeminal nerve branches
B) Olfactory nerve (CN I) via cribriform plate
C) Optic nerve (CN II)
D) Facial nerve (CN VII)
Answer: B) Olfactory nerve (CN I) via cribriform plate

19. The ethmoidal infundibulum opens into which anatomical space?
A) Inferior meatus
B) Hiatus semilunaris in the middle meatus
C) Sphenoethmoidal recess
D) Nasopharynx directly
Answer: B) Hiatus semilunaris in the middle meatus

20. The anterior nasal spine is formed by the:
A) Palatine bones only
B) Anterior processes of the maxillae (fusion at midline)
C) Vomer bone projection
D) Nasal bones fused together
Answer: B) Anterior processes of the maxillae (fusion at midline)

21. Which of the following sinuses is present at birth or develops earliest?
A) Frontal sinus
B) Sphenoid sinus
C) Maxillary sinus (present but small at birth; pneumatizes early)
D) Frontal & sphenoid together only at puberty
Answer: C) Maxillary sinus (present but small at birth; pneumatizes early)

22. The greater palatine nerve supplies the hard palate and transmits sensory fibers to which nasal structure via its nasal branches?
A) Lateral nasal wall anteriorly only
B) Posteroinferior part of nasal septum (via posterior inferior lateral nasal branches / nasopalatine communications)
C) Olfactory epithelium directly
D) Superior meatus only
Answer: B) Posteroinferior part of nasal septum (via posterior inferior lateral nasal branches / nasopalatine communications)

23. The posterior superior nasal nerves arise from which neural source?
A) Ophthalmic division (V1) only
B) Maxillary division (V2) — branches from the pterygopalatine ganglion and sphenopalatine branches
C) Facial nerve (VII) only
D) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Answer: B) Maxillary division (V2) — branches from the pterygopalatine ganglion and sphenopalatine branches

24. The roof of the nasal vestibule (anterior-most portion) is lined by:
A) Respiratory epithelium throughout
B) Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium (continuous with facial skin)
C) Olfactory epithelium only
D) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium exclusively
Answer: B) Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium (continuous with facial skin)

25. The structure separating the nasal cavity from the cranial cavity is primarily the:
A) Maxillary sinus roof alone
B) Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
C) Sphenoidal rostrum only
D) Vomer crest only
Answer: B) Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

26. The opening of the maxillary sinus into nasal cavity is typically located in the:
A) Superior meatus
B) Middle meatus (via hiatus semilunaris/infundibulum)
C) Inferior meatus
D) Sphenoethmoidal recess
Answer: B) Middle meatus (via hiatus semilunaris/infundibulum)

27. The posterior wall of the nasal cavity is formed by:
A) Palatine processes of maxilla only
B) Sphenoid bone and choanae region (posterior nasal apertures)
C) Temporal bone only
D) Nasal bones posteriorly
Answer: B) Sphenoid bone and choanae region (posterior nasal apertures)

28. The nasal conchae (turbinates) are important because they:
A) Decrease surface area of nasal mucosa
B) Increase surface area, warm and humidify inspired air, and produce turbulent airflow
C) Are vestigial and have no function
D) Drain lacrimal duct directly
Answer: B) Increase surface area, warm and humidify inspired air, and produce turbulent airflow

29. The olfactory nerve fibers traverse the cribriform plate and synapse in the:
A) Superior cervical ganglion
B) Olfactory bulb
C) Trigeminal ganglion
D) Pterygopalatine ganglion
Answer: B) Olfactory bulb

30. The arterial supply to the lateral nasal wall posteriorly is mainly from:
A) Anterior ethmoidal artery only
B) Sphenopalatine artery (posterior lateral nasal branches)
C) Superior labial artery only
D) Infraorbital artery only
Answer: B) Sphenopalatine artery (posterior lateral nasal branches)

31. Which bone forms the majority of the medial wall of the orbit and also contributes ethmoidal air cells to the nasal cavity?
A) Maxilla
B) Lacrimal bone only
C) Ethmoid bone (labyrinth/lamina papyracea and perpendicular plate)
D) Zygomatic bone
Answer: C) Ethmoid bone (labyrinth/lamina papyracea and perpendicular plate)

32. The nasopalatine nerve supplies sensory fibers to the:
A) Lateral nasal wall only
B) Anterior part of nasal septum and anterior hard palate (incisive area)
C) Olfactory epithelium only
D) Frontal sinus mucosa
Answer: B) Anterior part of nasal septum and anterior hard palate (incisive area)

33. The frontal sinus drains into the nasal cavity via the frontonasal duct which usually opens into the:
A) Inferior meatus directly
B) Middle meatus (via the ethmoidal infundibulum/hiatus semilunaris)
C) Superior meatus only
D) Sphenoethmoidal recess exclusively
Answer: B) Middle meatus (via the ethmoidal infundibulum/hiatus semilunaris)

34. The vestibule of the nose contains which special structure at its entrance?
A) Pharyngeal tonsil
B) Nasal hairs (vibrissae)
C) Olfactory epithelium
D) Sphenoidal ostium
Answer: B) Nasal hairs (vibrissae)

35. The bony structure that forms the posterior border of the inferior meatus is:
A) Lacrimal bone only
B) Vertical (perpendicular) plate of palatine and medial pterygoid plate region near choanae
C) Nasal bone anterior margin
D) Frontal bone inferior edge
Answer: B) Vertical (perpendicular) plate of palatine and medial pterygoid plate region near choanae

36. The pterygopalatine ganglion (sphenopalatine) is closely related to which maxillary structure?
A) Infraorbital canal only
B) Pterygopalatine fossa (posterior to the maxilla)
C) Mandibular foramen
D) Zygomatic arch
Answer: B) Pterygopalatine fossa (posterior to the maxilla)

37. The ethmoidal cells that open into the superior meatus are usually the:
A) Anterior ethmoidal cells
B) Posterior ethmoidal cells
C) Maxillary sinus only
D) Sphenoidal recess cells only
Answer: B) Posterior ethmoidal cells

38. Injury to the cribriform plate may cause loss of smell by damaging which structure?
A) Nasopalatine nerve only
B) Olfactory nerve filaments (CN I)
C) Trigeminal branches only
D) Facial nerve (VII) branches only
Answer: B) Olfactory nerve filaments (CN I)

39. The greater palatine foramen transmits the greater palatine nerve which supplies sensation to the:
A) Soft palate only
B) Hard palate posterior to incisive canal and palatal mucosa
C) Nasal septum only
D) Superior aspect of maxillary sinus only
Answer: B) Hard palate posterior to incisive canal and palatal mucosa

40. The most common route for spread of infections from the nasal cavity to the cavernous sinus is via venous connections through:
A) Superior labial vein only
B) Facial vein → angular vein → superior ophthalmic vein → cavernous sinus (via valveless veins)
C) External jugular directly
D) Pterygoid venous plexus only to cavernous sinus
Answer: B) Facial vein → angular vein → superior ophthalmic vein → cavernous sinus (via valveless veins)

41. The nasal mucosa’s respiratory epithelium contains goblet cells that function to:
A) Absorb odors only
B) Secrete mucus to trap particles and humidify air
C) Produce bone marrow cells
D) Provide cartilage nutrition only
Answer: B) Secrete mucus to trap particles and humidify air

42. The conchal bullosa is a pneumatic (air-containing) variant of which structure?
A) Maxillary sinus only
B) Middle nasal concha (middle turbinate)
C) Inferior turbinate only
D) Nasal septum deviation variant only
Answer: B) Middle nasal concha (middle turbinate)

43. The posterior ethmoidal artery is a branch of which artery?
A) Maxillary artery directly
B) Ophthalmic artery (branch of internal carotid)
C) Facial artery branch
D) Lingual artery branch
Answer: B) Ophthalmic artery (branch of internal carotid)

44. The vomer bone contributes to the nasal septum by forming its:
A) Anterosuperior part only
B) Posteroinferior part of the nasal septum
C) Floor of nasal cavity only
D) Lateral wall of inferior meatus
Answer: B) Posteroinferior part of the nasal septum

45. The nasal cycle (physiologic alternating partial congestion of nasal cavities) is regulated by:
A) Olfactory bulb directly
B) Autonomic nervous system (sympathetic/parasympathetic control of mucosal vessels)
C) Maxillary sinus secretions only
D) Mandibular proprioceptors
Answer: B) Autonomic nervous system (sympathetic/parasympathetic control of mucosal vessels)

46. The sphenopalatine foramen is located in which part of the skull?
A) Frontal bone near supraorbital notch
B) Posterior aspect of the lateral nasal wall at the superior meatus region between sphenoid and palatine bones
C) Maxillary anterior wall near canine fossa
D) On the nasal bone midline
Answer: B) Posterior aspect of the lateral nasal wall at the superior meatus region between sphenoid and palatine bones

47. The sensation of sneeze (stimulation of nasal mucosa) primarily uses afferent fibers of which nerve?
A) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
B) Trigeminal nerve (mainly V1 and V2 branches)
C) Facial nerve (CN VII) only
D) Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) only
Answer: B) Trigeminal nerve (mainly V1 and V2 branches)

48. The posterior choanae open posteriorly into the:
A) Oropharynx
B) Nasopharynx
C) Laryngopharynx
D) Hypopharynx
Answer: B) Nasopharynx

49. The sphenopalatine artery is a terminal branch of which artery?
A) Ophthalmic artery
B) Maxillary artery (third part)
C) Facial artery
D) Superior labial artery
Answer: B) Maxillary artery (third part)

50. The anterior ethmoidal nerve exits the anterior cranial fossa via a slit in the:
A) Foramen rotundum
B) Lamina cribrosa? (No — it traverses anterior ethmoidal canal from orbit to anterior cranial fossa and then into nasal cavity via cribriform region)
C) Infraorbital groove
D) Superior orbital fissure
Answer: B) Lamina cribrosa? (No — it traverses anterior ethmoidal canal from orbit to anterior cranial fossa and then into nasal cavity via cribriform region)

51. The superior meatus receives drainage from which of the following?
A) Maxillary sinus directly
B) Posterior ethmoidal air cells
C) Nasolacrimal duct
D) Anterior ethmoidal cells only
Answer: B) Posterior ethmoidal air cells

52. The artery most frequently involved in life-threatening posterior epistaxis is the:
A) Anterior ethmoidal artery
B) Superior labial artery
C) Sphenopalatine artery
D) Facial artery main trunk
Answer: C) Sphenopalatine artery

53. The nasal septal cartilage is derived embryologically from:
A) Membranous parietal bone only
B) Frontonasal prominence (cartilaginous septum derived from neural crest mesenchyme of frontonasal process)
C) First pharyngeal arch cartilage only
D) Second pharyngeal arch only
Answer: B) Frontonasal prominence (cartilaginous septum derived from neural crest mesenchyme of frontonasal process)

54. The major drainage of lymphatics from the anterior nasal cavity is to the:
A) Superior deep cervical nodes directly
B) Submandibular and superficial cervical nodes (facial/infraorbital regions)
C) Preauricular nodes only
D) Parotid nodes only
Answer: B) Submandibular and superficial cervical nodes (facial/infraorbital regions)

55. The bony landmark that forms the lateral boundary of the choana is the:
A) Nasal bone only
B) Vertical plate of palatine bone and medial pterygoid plate region (medial side of pterygoid process)
C) Maxillary tuberosity only
D) Zygomatic process of frontal bone
Answer: B) Vertical plate of palatine bone and medial pterygoid plate region (medial side of pterygoid process)

56. The olfactory mucosa regenerates throughout life primarily because of:
A) Rapid division of goblet cells only
B) Basal (stem) cells in the olfactory epithelium
C) Ciliary ganglion stimulation
D) Constant blood flow only
Answer: B) Basal (stem) cells in the olfactory epithelium

57. The ethmoid bulla is a projection into the middle meatus formed by:
A) Maxillary sinus wall only
B) Middle ethmoidal air cells (bulla ethmoidalis)
C) Frontal sinus outflow tract only
D) Sphenoid ostium only
Answer: B) Middle ethmoidal air cells (bulla ethmoidalis)

58. Which of the following nasal cartilages forms the anterior septum?
A) Lateral nasal cartilage only
B) Septal cartilage (quadrangular cartilage)
C) Major alar cartilage only
D) Accessory nasal cartilage only
Answer: B) Septal cartilage (quadrangular cartilage)

59. The anterior superior alveolar nerve (branch of infraorbital, V2) provides sensory branches to which nasal area?
A) Posterior septum only
B) Inferolateral nasal wall and adjacent anterior maxillary teeth region (via anterior superior nasal branches)
C) Olfactory epithelium only
D) Superior turbinate only
Answer: B) Inferolateral nasal wall and adjacent anterior maxillary teeth region (via anterior superior nasal branches)

60. The sphenoethmoidal recess is located superior to which structure?
A) Middle meatus
B) Superior nasal concha
C) Inferior nasal concha
D) Vestibule
Answer: B) Superior nasal concha

61. A common surgical approach to drain an infected maxillary sinus (Caldwell–Luc) involves entry through the:
A) Lateral nasal wall via sphenoethmoidal recess
B) Canine fossa (anterior wall of maxillary sinus)
C) Frontal sinus ostium directly from forehead
D) Ethmoid bulla only
Answer: B) Canine fossa (anterior wall of maxillary sinus)

62. The nasal mucosa venous plexus that may engorge and cause nasal obstruction (erectile tissue) is present mainly in the:
A) Superior meatus only
B) Inferior and middle turbinates (esp. inferior concha and septal venous plexus / Kiesselbach area anteriorly)
C) Olfactory cleft only
D) Sphenoethmoidal recess only
Answer: B) Inferior and middle turbinates (esp. inferior concha and septal venous plexus / Kiesselbach area anteriorly)

63. The medial pterygoid plate contributes to which nasal structure?
A) Lateral nasal wall anterior portion only
B) Posterolateral nasal wall near choana and attachment of palatine bone structures
C) Inferior nasal septum only
D) Frontal sinus floor
Answer: B) Posterolateral nasal wall near choana and attachment of palatine bone structures

64. The nasopalatine nerve enters the oral cavity by passing through the:
A) Lesser palatine canal only
B) Incisive foramen (canal)
C) Greater palatine foramen only
D) Foramen ovale
Answer: B) Incisive foramen (canal)

65. The lamina papyracea is the orbital plate of which bone and is a common site of fracture leading to orbital emphysema?
A) Sphenoid bone
B) Ethmoid bone
C) Frontal bone
D) Maxilla
Answer: B) Ethmoid bone

66. The nasal septum perforation may cause whistling on breathing and is often due to:
A) Frontal sinusitis only
B) Trauma, surgery, cocaine abuse, infection, or inflammatory disease
C) Excessive lacrimation only
D) Hypertrophy of inferior turbinate only
Answer: B) Trauma, surgery, cocaine abuse, infection, or inflammatory disease

67. The superior depth of the nasal mucosal venous sinusoids (the erectile tissue) is most prominent in which population/state?
A) Newborns only
B) During nasal cycle and in allergic rhinitis (engorgement)
C) Only during sleep apnea
D) It is constant and unvarying in all people
Answer: B) During nasal cycle and in allergic rhinitis (engorgement)

68. The roof of the sphenoidal sinus is formed by:
A) Nasal bone only
B) Body of sphenoid and sinus floor beneath pituitary fossa
C) Inferior nasal concha only
D) Palatine bone alone
Answer: B) Body of sphenoid and sinus floor beneath pituitary fossa

69. The posterior inferior nasal branches arise from which palatine nerve?
A) Nasopalatine nerve only
B) Greater palatine nerve (branches to inferior lateral nasal wall)
C) Lesser petrosal nerve only
D) Infraorbital nerve exclusively
Answer: B) Greater palatine nerve (branches to inferior lateral nasal wall)

70. The piriform aperture is the:
A) Posterior choanae opening into nasopharynx
B) Anterior bony opening of the nasal cavity on the face (bounded by nasal and maxillary bones)
C) Opening of nasolacrimal duct into inferior meatus
D) Foramen for anterior ethmoidal artery
Answer: B) Anterior bony opening of the nasal cavity on the face (bounded by nasal and maxillary bones)

71. The ethmoidal air cells develop from which embryologic structure?
A) Maxillary process only
B) Ethmoid infundibulum/ethmoidal labyrinth derived from outpouchings of lateral nasal wall during development
C) Nasal septum only
D) Palatine processes only
Answer: B) Ethmoid infundibulum/ethmoidal labyrinth derived from outpouchings of lateral nasal wall during development

72. The olfactory fila pass through which part of the ethmoid bone?
A) Perpendicular plate
B) Cribriform plate
C) Middle concha
D) Ethmoidal bulla
Answer: B) Cribriform plate

73. The posterior nasal nerves supplying the septum and lateral wall arise from which ganglion?
A) Otic ganglion
B) Pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) ganglion via branches of V2
C) Ciliary ganglion
D) Superior cervical ganglion directly
Answer: B) Pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) ganglion via branches of V2

74. The accessory nasal cartilages (minor alar cartilages) are located:
A) On the septum posteriorly
B) Along the lateral aspect of the external nose, supporting the ala
C) Deep to the nasal bones only
D) In the nasopharynx only
Answer: B) Along the lateral aspect of the external nose, supporting the ala

75. The nasal mucosa that contains abundant goblet cells and ciliated epithelium is characteristic of the:
A) Vestibule only
B) Respiratory region of the nasal cavity (inferior and middle turbinate regions)
C) Olfactory region only
D) Hard palate only
Answer: B) Respiratory region of the nasal cavity (inferior and middle turbinate regions)

76. The nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) lies in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx and can obstruct the choanae when enlarged. Its lymphoid tissue drains mainly to:
A) Submandibular nodes only
B) Upper deep cervical and retropharyngeal nodes
C) Parotid nodes only
D) Preauricular nodes only
Answer: B) Upper deep cervical and retropharyngeal nodes

77. The nasofrontal duct’s patency is most critical for drainage of which sinus?
A) Maxillary sinus
B) Frontal sinus
C) Sphenoid sinus
D) Posterior ethmoid only
Answer: B) Frontal sinus

78. The vestibular mucosa near the nares is richly innervated by which nerve branch?
A) Nasopalatine nerve only
B) External nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal nerve (V1) and infraorbital branches for adjacent skin)
C) Superior laryngeal nerve only
D) Glossopharyngeal nerve only
Answer: B) External nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal nerve (V1) and infraorbital branches for adjacent skin)

79. The nasal septum deviation frequently involves which bony structure?
A) Sphenoid rostrum only
B) Vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid or septal cartilage
C) Zygomatic arch
D) Occipital condyle
Answer: B) Vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid or septal cartilage

80. The posterior nasal aperture (choana) is formed laterally by which bone?
A) Nasal bone only
B) Palatine bone (perpendicular plate) and medial pterygoid plate region of sphenoid)
C) Frontal process only
D) Inferior concha only
Answer: B) Palatine bone (perpendicular plate) and medial pterygoid plate region of sphenoid)

81. The anterior ethmoidal foramen transmits anterior ethmoidal vessels and nerve from the orbit into the anterior cranial fossa and then into the nasal cavity via the:
A) Superior orbital fissure
B) Anterior ethmoidal canal and then cribriform/olfactory area to anterior nasal cavity
C) Incisive canal only
D) Foramen ovale
Answer: B) Anterior ethmoidal canal and then cribriform/olfactory area to anterior nasal cavity

82. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the drainage of the frontal sinus?
A) It drains directly into the inferior meatus
B) It drains via the frontonasal duct into the ethmoidal infundibulum and then into the middle meatus
C) It drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess only
D) It has no drainage pathway and drains into the maxillary sinus
Answer: B) It drains via the frontonasal duct into the ethmoidal infundibulum and then into the middle meatus

83. The nasal mucosa’s blood supply is derived from branches of which two major arteries?
A) Facial and vertebral arteries only
B) Internal carotid (via ophthalmic) and external carotid (via maxillary and facial)
C) Only internal carotid artery branches
D) Only external carotid branches via lingual artery
Answer: B) Internal carotid (via ophthalmic) and external carotid (via maxillary and facial)

84. The anterior nasal septum receives arterial supply primarily from which small artery that contributes to Little’s area?
A) Posterior lateral nasal artery only
B) Superior labial artery (branch of facial) via septal branches
C) Inferior alveolar artery
D) Lingual artery
Answer: B) Superior labial artery (branch of facial) via septal branches

85. The olfactory receptor neurons regenerate from basal cells and project axons through the cribriform plate to synapse in which structure that sits on the cribriform plate?
A) Olfactory tract only
B) Olfactory bulb
C) Pituitary gland
D) Superior cervical ganglion
Answer: B) Olfactory bulb

86. The nasopharynx communicates with the middle ear via the:
A) Eustachian (pharyngotympanic) tube opening in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx near the torus tubarius
B) Eustachian (pharyngotympanic) tube (pharyngeal opening)
C) Foramen ovale only
D) Inferior meatus directly
Answer: B) Eustachian (pharyngotympanic) tube (pharyngeal opening)

87. Which nasal turbinate is an independent bone (not part of ethmoid)?
A) Superior nasal concha
B) Middle nasal concha
C) Inferior nasal concha
D) Agger nasi
Answer: C) Inferior nasal concha

88. The anterior ethmoidal nerve is a branch of which nerve?
A) Maxillary nerve (V2)
B) Nasociliary nerve (branch of ophthalmic division V1)
C) Facial nerve (VII)
D) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Answer: B) Nasociliary nerve (branch of ophthalmic division V1)

89. The area of the nasal cavity commonly biopsied to assess olfactory epithelium is the:
A) Inferior meatus floor
B) Region of the superior turbinate and upper septum (olfactory cleft)
C) Vestibule near nares only
D) Middle meatus only
Answer: B) Region of the superior turbinate and upper septum (olfactory cleft)

90. The sphenopalatine foramen is formed between the sphenoid and which other bone?
A) Frontal bone
B) Palatine bone (orbital process)
C) Nasal bone
D) Vomer only
Answer: B) Palatine bone (orbital process)

91. The olfactory mucosa differs from respiratory mucosa by having:
A) More goblet cells and cilia
B) Specialized bipolar olfactory receptor neurons and supporting sustentacular cells
C) Cartilage in lamina propria
D) Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
Answer: B) Specialized bipolar olfactory receptor neurons and supporting sustentacular cells

92. The nasolacrimal canal is formed by the maxilla and which bone?
A) Zygomatic bone only
B) Lacrimal bone
C) Palatine bone only
D) Ethmoid bone only
Answer: B) Lacrimal bone

93. An antral (maxillary sinus) carcinoma may present with referred pain to the upper teeth because the sinus is innervated by:
A) Ophthalmic nerve only
B) Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (superior alveolar branches)
C) Glossopharyngeal nerve only
D) Hypoglossal nerve only
Answer: B) Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (superior alveolar branches)

94. The olfactory bulb gives rise to which structure that carries smell information to the brain?
A) Optic tract
B) Olfactory tract
C) Maxillary nerve
D) Trigeminal tract
Answer: B) Olfactory tract

95. The medial lamellae of the lateral nasal wall include which structure that may be removed in endoscopic sinus surgery to improve drainage?
A) Superior concha only
B) Middle turbinate (partial middle turbinectomy or reduction is done in some cases)
C) Inferior concha only
D) Nasal bone only
Answer: B) Middle turbinate (partial middle turbinectomy or reduction is done in some cases)

96. The blood vessels contributing to the posterior nasal septal area are mainly branches of:
A) Facial artery exclusively
B) Sphenopalatine artery (branch of maxillary)
C) Superior labial only
D) Anterior ethmoidal only
Answer: B) Sphenopalatine artery (branch of maxillary)

97. The mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity moves mucus generally toward the:
A) Anterior nares for expulsion only
B) Nasopharynx for swallowing (posteriorly) from most respiratory areas
C) Middle ear directly only
D) Frontal sinus only
Answer: B) Nasopharynx for swallowing (posteriorly) from most respiratory areas

98. The anterior nasal spine is a landmark used for which clinical measurement?
A) Vertical height of cribriform plate only
B) Facial midline and occlusal plane orientation; used in rhinoplasty and anthropometry
C) Nasolacrimal duct length only
D) Maxillary sinus ostium position only
Answer: B) Facial midline and occlusal plane orientation; used in rhinoplasty and anthropometry

99. The posterior ethmoidal sinuses drain into the:
A) Inferior meatus only
B) Superior meatus
C) Middle meatus only
D) Nasopharynx directly
Answer: B) Superior meatus

100. The nasal bone articulates with which bones to form the bridge of the nose?
A) Zygomatic and maxilla only
B) Frontal bone superiorly and maxillary bones laterally
C) Sphenoid and palatine only
D) Ethmoid and vomer only
Answer: B) Frontal bone superiorly and maxillary bones laterally