1. Which programming language property describes the rules for forming valid sentences (programs) in that language? A. Semantics B. Syntax C. Pragmatics D. Typing Answer: B 2. Which of the following is an example of a declarative programming paradigm? A. Object-oriented programming B. Procedural programming C. Functional programming D. Assembly programming Answer: C 3. Binding
1. Which data structure is most natural for representing the faces of a 3D polyhedral model when rapid traversal of adjacent faces is required? A. Vertex list B. Adjacency matrix C. Winged-edge structure D. Edge list Answer: C. Winged-edge structure 2. What is the principal advantage of using triangular meshes over polygonal faces with many
1. Which operation does NOT preserve parallelism of lines in 2-D? A. Translation B. Rotation C. Scaling (uniform or non-uniform) D. Perspective projection (non-affine) Answer: D. Perspective projection (non-affine) 2. To rotate a point about an arbitrary point P(px,py), which sequence is correct? A. Translate by (px,py), rotate by θ, translate by (−px,−py) B. Rotate
1. Which characteristic best defines a tightly-coupled multiprocessor system? a) Each processor has its own local memory and no shared memory. b) Processors communicate only by message passing across a network. c) Processors share a global memory and communicate through it. d) Processors work sequentially on a single pipeline stage. Answer: c) Processors share a
1. What is the primary purpose of a memory hierarchy in computer systems? A) To increase power consumption B) To organize storage by cost and speed C) To standardize instruction sets D) To encrypt memory contents Answer: B 2. Which memory type is typically the fastest? A) Hard disk drive (HDD) B) Magnetic tape C)
1. Which device converts parallel data from the CPU into serial form for transmission over a single line? A. Printer B. Parallel port C. Serial Line Driver D. DMA controller Answer: C. Serial Line Driver 2. What is the primary role of an I/O interface? A. Execute user programs B. Translate between CPU bus signals
1. Which of the following best describes the primary goal of instruction pipelining? a) Reduce power consumption of each instruction b) Increase clock frequency by simplifying stages c) Increase instruction throughput by overlapping execution of multiple instructions d) Reduce the number of instructions in a program 2. In a classic 5-stage RISC instruction pipeline (IF,
1. Which of the following best describes a general register organization? A. All operations are performed only on memory locations B. A fixed set of registers specially assigned for I/O only C. A set of general-purpose registers usable by instructions for operands and results D. Only one accumulator register is used for all arithmetic Answer:
1. The primary function of control memory in a microprogrammed control unit is to store: A. Instruction opcodes B. Microinstructions that generate control signals C. Register contents D. Cache lines Answer: B 2. Which register typically holds the address of the next microinstruction to be fetched from control memory? A. Program Counter (PC) B. Memory
1. The component responsible for decoding the operation code in a basic computer is: A) Memory Address Register B) Control Unit C) Program Counter D) Arithmetic Logic Unit Answer: B) Control Unit 2. In machine language, each instruction is represented by: A) Mnemonics and labels B) Binary code specific to CPU architecture C) ASCII characters
