Oral Cavity and Tongue in Human Anatomy MCQ Questions and Answers

1. The oral vestibule is bounded medially by the:
A) Lips and cheeks (gingivolabial and gingivobuccal sulci)
B) Palate
C) Floor of mouth
D) Tongue
Answer: A) Lips and cheeks (gingivolabial and gingivobuccal sulci)

2. The foramen cecum of the tongue is the embryologic remnant of the:
A) First pharyngeal pouch
B) Lateral lingual swellings
C) Terminal part of the thyroglossal duct (origin of thyroid)
D) Median sulcus
Answer: C) Terminal part of the thyroglossal duct (origin of thyroid)

3. Which muscle shortens and thickens the tongue and is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
A) Palatoglossus
B) Genioglossus
C) Styloglossus
D) Hyoglossus
Answer: B) Genioglossus

4. The submandibular duct (Wharton’s duct) opens into the oral cavity at the:
A) Palatoglossal arch
B) Sublingual caruncle (on either side of frenulum)
C) Retromolar trigone
D) Lateral sides of the tongue
Answer: B) Sublingual caruncle (on either side of frenulum)

5. Taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is carried by which nerve?
A) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
B) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
C) Chorda tympani branch of facial nerve (CN VII)
D) Trigeminal mandibular division (V3)
Answer: C) Chorda tympani branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

6. The lymphatic drainage of the tip of the tongue primarily goes to the:
A) Submandibular nodes only
B) Submental lymph nodes
C) Superior deep cervical nodes directly
D) Parotid nodes
Answer: B) Submental lymph nodes

7. Which of the following papillae are most numerous and lack taste buds?
A) Fungiform papillae
B) Foliate papillae
C) Filiform papillae
D) Circumvallate papillae
Answer: C) Filiform papillae

8. The palatoglossus muscle is unique among tongue muscles because it is innervated by:
A) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
B) Pharyngeal branch of vagus via pharyngeal plexus (CN X)
C) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
D) Mandibular division of trigeminal (V3)
Answer: B) Pharyngeal branch of vagus via pharyngeal plexus (CN X)

9. The blood supply to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is primarily from the:
A) Ascending pharyngeal artery
B) Lingual artery (from external carotid)
C) Facial artery only
D) Superior thyroid artery
Answer: B) Lingual artery (from external carotid)

10. The terminal sulcus on the dorsum of the tongue separates:
A) Right and left halves of tongue
B) Anterior 2/3 (oral part) and posterior 1/3 (pharyngeal part)
C) Filiform and fungiform papillae
D) Median and lateral sulci
Answer: B) Anterior 2/3 (oral part) and posterior 1/3 (pharyngeal part)

11. Which structure forms the floor of the mouth medially?
A) Sublingual gland
B) Mylohyoid muscle
C) Hyoglossus muscle
D) Stylohyoid ligament
Answer: B) Mylohyoid muscle

12. Which nerve supplies general sensation (touch, pain, temperature) to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
A) Facial nerve (CN VII)
B) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
C) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
D) Lingual nerve (branch of V3)
Answer: D) Lingual nerve (branch of V3)

13. Which papillae form a V-shaped line anterior to the foramen cecum and contain numerous taste buds?
A) Filiform
B) Fungiform
C) Foliate
D) Circumvallate (vallate) papillae
Answer: D) Circumvallate (vallate) papillae

14. The sublingual gland drains into the oral cavity via:
A) Only Wharton’s duct
B) Multiple small ducts (of Rivinus) and sometimes Bartholin’s duct
C) Stensen’s duct
D) Submental canal
Answer: B) Multiple small ducts (of Rivinus) and sometimes Bartholin’s duct

15. The styloglossus muscle action is to:
A) Protrude the tongue
B) Retract and elevate the tongue
C) Depress the tongue
D) Shorten and widen the tongue
Answer: B) Retract and elevate the tongue

16. The intrinsic muscles of the tongue are responsible for:
A) Providing motor sensation via CN XII
B) Changing the shape of the tongue (curling, flattening, elongation)
C) Protrusion only
D) Taste sensation
Answer: B) Changing the shape of the tongue (curling, flattening, elongation)

17. The major muscle responsible for tongue protrusion is:
A) Hyoglossus
B) Styloglossus
C) Genioglossus
D) Palatoglossus
Answer: C) Genioglossus

18. The nerve lesion that results in deviation of the tongue toward the affected side on protrusion is a lesion of:
A) Facial nerve (CN VII)
B) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
C) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
D) Vagus nerve (CN X)
Answer: C) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

19. The parotid duct (Stensen’s duct) opens opposite which tooth?
A) Central incisor
B) Maxillary second molar
C) Mandibular first molar
D) Maxillary canine
Answer: B) Maxillary second molar

20. Which muscle forms a sling that supports the floor of the mouth and elevates the hyoid bone?
A) Digastric anterior belly
B) Mylohyoid
C) Hyoglossus
D) Stylohyoid
Answer: B) Mylohyoid

21. The sensory limb of the gag reflex (afferent) is mediated by which nerve?
A) Vagus nerve (CN X)
B) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
C) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
D) Facial nerve (CN VII)
Answer: C) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

22. The lingual frenulum attaches the tongue to the:
A) Hard palate
B) Floor of the mouth (midline)
C) Lateral pharyngeal wall
D) Mandibular alveolar mucosa
Answer: B) Floor of the mouth (midline)

23. The submandibular gland lies in which anatomical region?
A) Submental triangle only
B) Submandibular (digastric) triangle
C) Carotid triangle
D) Suboccipital triangle
Answer: B) Submandibular (digastric) triangle

24. A lesion of the lingual nerve proximal to the chorda tympani joining would cause:
A) Loss of taste anterior 2/3 only
B) Loss of general sensation posterior 1/3 only
C) Loss of general sensation (anterior 2/3) and loss of taste (chorda tympani fibers distal)
D) Tongue paralysis
Answer: C) Loss of general sensation (anterior 2/3) and loss of taste (chorda tympani fibers distal)

25. The circular sulcus surrounding each circumvallate papilla is formed by:
A) Filiform papillae
B) Epithelial trench with von Ebner’s glands opening into its base
C) Foliate papillae
D) Gland of Blandin–Nuhn
Answer: B) Epithelial trench with von Ebner’s glands opening into its base

26. Which artery provides deep arterial supply to the tongue (deep to genioglossus)?
A) Facial artery
B) Superior thyroid artery
C) Deep lingual artery (terminal branch of lingual artery)
D) Inferior alveolar artery
Answer: C) Deep lingual artery (terminal branch of lingual artery)

27. The nerve supplying motor fibers to all intrinsic tongue muscles is:
A) Trigeminal mandibular (V3)
B) Facial nerve (CN VII)
C) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
D) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Answer: C) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

28. The palatine tonsil lies between which two arches?
A) Labial and buccal
B) Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
C) Palatoglossal and pharyngeal isthmus
D) Palatopharyngeal and pharyngeal walls
Answer: B) Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

29. The hyoglossus muscle acts to:
A) Protrude tongue
B) Depress and retract the tongue
C) Elevate the tongue
D) Shorten the tongue
Answer: B) Depress and retract the tongue

30. Taste buds located on the foliate papillae are found on the:
A) Dorsal midline near tip
B) Lateral margins of the posterior tongue
C) Ventral tongue surface
D) Base of circumvallate papillae only
Answer: B) Lateral margins of the posterior tongue

31. The sublingual fold in the floor of the mouth marks the location of the:
A) Sublingual artery
B) Sublingual gland and its ducts
C) Lingual nerve
D) Deep lingual vein
Answer: B) Sublingual gland and its ducts

32. The nerve supply to the palatoglossus muscle is primarily from:
A) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
B) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
C) Pharyngeal plexus (predominantly vagus nerve, CN X)
D) Mandibular division of trigeminal (V3)
Answer: C) Pharyngeal plexus (predominantly vagus nerve, CN X)

33. The lymphatics from the posterior third of the tongue primarily drain into:
A) Submental nodes
B) Submandibular nodes
C) Superior deep cervical nodes (jugulodigastric)
D) Parotid nodes
Answer: C) Superior deep cervical nodes (jugulodigastric)

34. The floor of mouth swelling that dilates the sublingual space and shows mucus extravasation is most likely a:
A) Ranula (mucocele from sublingual gland)
B) Plunging ranula if extends into neck
C) Sialolithiasis only
D) Epulis
Answer: A) Ranula (mucocele from sublingual gland)

35. The origin of the genioglossus muscle is from the:
A) Styloid process
B) Hyoid bone
C) Mandibular symphysis (superior mental spine)
D) Temporal bone
Answer: C) Mandibular symphysis (superior mental spine)

36. The lingual tonsil is located on the:
A) Tip of tongue
B) Posterior dorsum of tongue
C) Ventral surface of tongue
D) Lateral border near tip
Answer: B) Posterior dorsum of tongue

37. Which gland secretes serous saliva and has “von Ebner’s” ducts associated with circumvallate papillae?
A) Parotid gland
B) Submandibular gland
C) Minor salivary glands (von Ebner glands) – serous
D) Sublingual gland (mucous)
Answer: C) Minor salivary glands (von Ebner glands) – serous

38. The nerve supply to the intrinsic muscles of the tongue arises from the hypoglossal nucleus located in the:
A) Pons
B) Medulla (floor of fourth ventricle)
C) Midbrain
D) Spinal cord C1–C2
Answer: B) Medulla (floor of fourth ventricle)

39. The alveolar mucosa of the lower lip receives sensory supply from:
A) Infraorbital nerve (V2)
B) Mental nerve (branch of inferior alveolar, V3)
C) Lingual nerve
D) Facial nerve (CN VII)
Answer: B) Mental nerve (branch of inferior alveolar, V3)

40. The nerve carrying taste from posterior one-third of tongue is:
A) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
B) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
C) Vagus nerve (CN X)
D) Facial nerve (CN VII)
Answer: B) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

41. The depression behind the last molar tooth where the parotid duct crosses is called:
A) Retromolar pad
B) Buccal vestibule
C) Retromolar trigone
D) Pterygomandibular raphe
Answer: C) Retromolar trigone

42. Which structure forms the lateral boundary of the oral cavity proper?
A) Palate
B) Teeth and alveolar processes
C) Mylohyoid muscle
D) Sublingual fold
Answer: B) Teeth and alveolar processes

43. The anterior faucial pillar corresponds to which muscle?
A) Palatopharyngeus
B) Palatoglossus
C) Tensor veli palatini
D) Levator veli palatini
Answer: B) Palatoglossus

44. The “sublingual caruncle” contains openings for ducts of which glands?
A) Sublingual only
B) Parotid only
C) Submandibular (Wharton’s) and minor sublingual ducts
D) Von Ebner’s glands
Answer: C) Submandibular (Wharton’s) and minor sublingual ducts

45. A lesion of the lingual nerve results primarily in loss of:
A) Motor function of tongue
B) General sensation (touch, pain, temperature) anterior 2/3
C) Taste posterior 1/3
D) Salivary secretion from parotid
Answer: B) General sensation (touch, pain, temperature) anterior 2/3

46. The mucous membrane reflection where the cheek meets the gum is called the:
A) Labial frenulum
B) Gingivobuccal sulcus (vestibule)
C) Sublingual fold
D) Plica sublingualis
Answer: B) Gingivobuccal sulcus (vestibule)

47. The lingual artery is a branch of which major vessel?
A) Internal carotid artery
B) External carotid artery
C) Subclavian artery
D) Ascending pharyngeal artery
Answer: B) External carotid artery

48. The sensory supply to the mucosa of the hard palate is via which nerve?
A) Greater palatine nerve (branch of V2)
B) Greater palatine nerve (branch of maxillary V2) — correct
C) Lingual nerve
D) Glossopharyngeal nerve
Answer: B) Greater palatine nerve (branch of maxillary V2) — correct

49. The structure that separates the oral cavity proper from the oropharynx is the:
A) Epiglottis
B) Palatoglossal arch (and palatopharyngeal arches forming the isthmus)
C) Tongue frenulum
D) Uvula only
Answer: B) Palatoglossal arch (and palatopharyngeal arches forming the isthmus)

50. The muscle that flattens and broadens the tongue is:
A) Genioglossus (protrudes)
B) Transverse intrinsic muscle of tongue
C) Vertical intrinsic muscle only
D) Styloglossus
Answer: B) Transverse intrinsic muscle of tongue

51. The superior longitudinal intrinsic muscle of the tongue functions to:
A) Protrude the tongue
B) Shorten and curl the tip upwards
C) Depress the tongue tip
D) Retract the tongue
Answer: B) Shorten and curl the tip upwards

52. Which salivary gland is purely serous in secretion?
A) Sublingual gland
B) Submandibular gland
C) Parotid gland
D) Minor labial glands
Answer: C) Parotid gland

53. Injury to the hypoglossal nerve on the left will result in tongue deviation to:
A) Right on protrusion
B) Left on protrusion (toward affected side)
C) No deviation but weakness only
D) Upwards deviation
Answer: B) Left on protrusion (toward affected side)

54. The palatine raphe runs along the midline of the:
A) Tongue dorsum
B) Hard palate (midline fusion of palatal shelves)
C) Soft palate lateral border
D) Uvula
Answer: B) Hard palate (midline fusion of palatal shelves)

55. The marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve supplies muscles that affect:
A) Tongue movement
B) Lower lip and chin muscles (e.g., depressor labii inferioris)
C) Palate elevation
D) Gag reflex
Answer: B) Lower lip and chin muscles (e.g., depressor labii inferioris)

56. The nerve that conveys pain from an ulcer at the lateral border of the tongue is most likely:
A) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
B) Lingual nerve (branch of V3)
C) Vagus nerve (CN X)
D) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Answer: B) Lingual nerve (branch of V3)

57. The deep cervical fascia compartment that encloses the submandibular gland is called the:
A) Carotid sheath
B) Investing layer of deep cervical fascia (forms the submandibular space)
C) Prevertebral fascia
D) Buccopharyngeal fascia
Answer: B) Investing layer of deep cervical fascia (forms the submandibular space)

58. The presynaptic parasympathetic fibers that stimulate submandibular saliva secretion travel in which nerve before joining lingual nerve?
A) Glossopharyngeal nerve directly
B) Chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve CN VII)
C) Vagus nerve (CN X)
D) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Answer: B) Chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve CN VII)

59. The marginal gingiva is attached to the tooth by:
A) Gingival sulcus only
B) Junctional epithelium (epithelial attachment)
C) Periodontal ligament only
D) Cementum alone
Answer: B) Junctional epithelium (epithelial attachment)

60. The main function of von Ebner’s glands is to:
A) Secrete mucous for lubrication
B) Secrete serous fluid to wash circumvallate papillae and aid taste
C) Produce saliva for mastication only
D) Drain into Wharton’s duct
Answer: B) Secrete serous fluid to wash circumvallate papillae and aid taste

61. The embryological origin of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is primarily from:
A) Third pharyngeal arch
B) First pharyngeal arch (lateral lingual swellings and tuberculum impar)
C) Fourth arch only
D) Second pharyngeal pouch
Answer: B) First pharyngeal arch (lateral lingual swellings and tuberculum impar)

62. The sublingual gland is located in which anatomical space?
A) Pterygomandibular space
B) Sublingual space (above mylohyoid)
C) Submandibular space (below mylohyoid)
D) Lateral pharyngeal space
Answer: B) Sublingual space (above mylohyoid)

63. The nerve most likely affected in carcinoma of the base of the tongue causing loss of taste and swallow difficulty is:
A) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
B) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
C) Facial nerve (CN VII)
D) Hypothalamic fibers
Answer: B) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

64. The plica sublingualis covers which gland?
A) Parotid gland
B) Sublingual gland
C) Submandibular gland
D) Minor mucous glands
Answer: B) Sublingual gland

65. The marginal gingiva is keratinized and firmly attached to underlying bone; this area is also called:
A) Free gingiva only
B) Attached gingiva
C) Alveolar mucosa
D) Vestibular mucosa
Answer: B) Attached gingiva

66. Which of the following is a landmark used in lingual nerve block for dental anesthesia?
A) Maxillary tuberosity
B) Pterygomandibular raphe (used for inferior alveolar block near lingual nerve course)
C) Greater palatine foramen
D) Foramen ovale externally
Answer: B) Pterygomandibular raphe (used for inferior alveolar block near lingual nerve course)

67. The fold that connects the tongue to the hyoid bone is known as:
A) Lingual frenulum
B) None — there is no specific fold connecting tongue to hyoid; muscles connect to hyoid
C) Sublingual fold
D) Plica fimbriata
Answer: B) None — there is no specific fold connecting tongue to hyoid; muscles connect to hyoid

68. The anterior marginal arteries of the tongue anastomose at the midline to form:
A) Deep lingual plexus only
B) A midline anastomosis called the lingual septal anastomosis
C) Sublingual arch only
D) Palatine arterial loop
Answer: B) A midline anastomosis called the lingual septal anastomosis

69. The pterygomandibular raphe attaches superiorly to the:
A) Mandibular symphysis
B) Pterygoid hamulus (or pterygoid process region)
C) Hyoid bone
D) Styloid process
Answer: B) Pterygoid hamulus (or pterygoid process region)

70. The cell type that composes most of the taste bud receptor cells is:
A) Stratified squamous epithelial cells only
B) Specialized gustatory epithelial cells
C) Keratinocytes
D) Goblet cells
Answer: B) Specialized gustatory epithelial cells

71. The relationship of lingual nerve to the submandibular duct in the floor of mouth is that the lingual nerve:
A) Always lies lateral to the duct
B) Passes initially lateral to the duct and then loops under it to lie medial
C) Is always medial to duct
D) Crosses superiorly without relationship
Answer: B) Passes initially lateral to the duct and then loops under it to lie medial

72. The posterior border of the oral cavity proper is formed by the:
A) Vestibule
B) Isthmus of the fauces (between palatoglossal arches)
C) Sublingual fold
D) Gingival sulcus
Answer: B) Isthmus of the fauces (between palatoglossal arches)

73. The glossopharyngeal nerve provides sensory fibers to which region of the oral cavity?
A) Anterior 2/3 taste only
B) Posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste and general sensation)
C) Hard palate exclusively
D) Lip mucosa
Answer: B) Posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste and general sensation)

74. The landmark used to identify the lingual artery during surgery is:
A) Along lateral border of tongue only
B) Deep to hyoglossus muscle
C) Superficial to genioglossus
D) Between palatoglossus and styloglossus
Answer: B) Deep to hyoglossus muscle

75. The submental lymph nodes receive drainage from:
A) Lateral border of tongue only
B) Frenulum, tip of tongue, central lower lip, and chin
C) Palatine tonsil only
D) Floor of nasal cavity
Answer: B) Frenulum, tip of tongue, central lower lip, and chin

76. The fold of mucosa lateral to the sublingual gland with small papillae is called:
A) Plica fimbriata
B) Sublingual fold (plica sublingualis)
C) Plica submentalis
D) Sublabial fold
Answer: B) Sublingual fold (plica sublingualis)

77. The motor fibers to the intrinsic muscles of the tongue arise from which cranial nucleus?
A) Facial nucleus
B) Trigeminal motor nucleus
C) Hypoglossal nucleus
D) Nucleus ambiguus
Answer: C) Hypoglossal nucleus

78. The fold with fringe-like projections on the ventral tongue surface is called:
A) Sublingual fold
B) Plica fimbriata
C) Plica submentalis
D) Plica sublingualis
Answer: B) Plica fimbriata

79. The lateral border of the tongue is a common site for carcinoma due to:
A) Lack of lymphatics
B) Thin mucosa and rich lymphatic drainage facilitating spread
C) Thick keratinized surface preventing early hit
D) Lack of vascular supply
Answer: B) Thin mucosa and rich lymphatic drainage facilitating spread

80. The floor of mouth infection that presents with “double chin” (submental swelling) often involves which space?
A) Parapharyngeal space only
B) Submandibular and submental spaces (Ludwig’s angina may involve submandibular, sublingual, submental spaces)
C) Infratemporal fossa
D) Buccal space only
Answer: B) Submandibular and submental spaces (Ludwig’s angina may involve submandibular, sublingual, submental spaces)

81. The posterior lingual artery branches that supply the base of tongue are branches of:
A) Facial artery only
B) Lingual artery (dorsal lingual branches)
C) Superior thyroid only
D) Descending palatine artery
Answer: B) Lingual artery (dorsal lingual branches)

82. The chorda tympani joins the lingual nerve in the:
A) Infratemporal fossa
B) Infratemporal fossa / floor of mouth region after entering oral cavity (posterior to third molar region)
C) Parotid gland exclusively
D) Submandibular gland capsule
Answer: B) Infratemporal fossa / floor of mouth region after entering oral cavity (posterior to third molar region)

83. The mucosa covering the dorsum of the tongue is primarily:
A) Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium throughout
B) Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium on anterior dorsum (filiform), non-keratinized near sulcus terminalis
C) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
D) Transitional epithelium
Answer: B) Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium on anterior dorsum (filiform), non-keratinized near sulcus terminalis

84. The palatine tonsil is supplied arterially by branches of:
A) Superior thyroid artery only
B) Facial artery (tonsillar branch), ascending palatine and descending palatine branches contribute
C) Lingual artery solely
D) Maxillary artery only
Answer: B) Facial artery (tonsillar branch), ascending palatine and descending palatine branches contribute

85. The oral part of the tongue receives lymphatic drainage primarily to:
A) Deep cervical nodes only
B) Submental and submandibular nodes (depending on region)
C) Parotid nodes only
D) Buccal nodes exclusively
Answer: B) Submental and submandibular nodes (depending on region)

86. The phenomenon of “Ankyloglossia” (tongue-tie) is due to an abnormality of the:
A) Palatoglossus muscle
B) Hyoglossus muscle
C) Lingual frenulum (short or tight frenulum)
D) Sublingual gland
Answer: C) Lingual frenulum (short or tight frenulum)

87. During partial glossectomy, the structure you must preserve to maintain tongue motor function is the:
A) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
B) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
C) Lingual nerve only
D) Chorda tympani only
Answer: B) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

88. The deep cervical (jugulodigastric) node commonly receives lymph from:
A) Tip of tongue only
B) Tonsillar region and posterior tongue
C) Anterior lip only
D) Lower incisors only
Answer: B) Tonsillar region and posterior tongue

89. The mucous membrane that reflects from the tongue to the floor of mouth forms the:
A) Labial frenulum
B) Sublingual fold and frenulum of tongue (lingual frenulum)
C) Plica submentalis
D) Soft palate
Answer: B) Sublingual fold and frenulum of tongue (lingual frenulum)

90. The marginal artery supplying the anterior tongue is a terminal branch of the lingual artery known as the:
A) Superior labial artery
B) Deep lingual (ranine) artery
C) Dorsal lingual artery
D) Ascending palatine artery
Answer: B) Deep lingual (ranine) artery

91. A taste bud’s basal cells function chiefly as:
A) Sensory transducers for taste stimuli
B) Stem cells that regenerate taste receptor cells
C) Manufacture saliva
D) Excrete enzymes into trench
Answer: B) Stem cells that regenerate taste receptor cells

92. Which structure is most likely to be injured during submandibular gland excision causing tongue numbness?
A) Facial nerve marginal branch only
B) Lingual nerve
C) Glossopharyngeal nerve
D) Superior laryngeal nerve
Answer: B) Lingual nerve

93. The celomic region embryologically contributing to the posterior third of tongue arises from which pharyngeal arches?
A) First arch only
B) Second arch only
C) Third and part of fourth arches (mainly third for posterior 1/3)
D) Fifth arch only
Answer: C) Third and part of fourth arches (mainly third for posterior 1/3)

94. The pterygomandibular raphe extends from the pterygoid hamulus to the:
A) Hyoid bone
B) Mylohyoid line of mandible (or mandible retromolar region)
C) Styloid process
D) Tongue tip
Answer: B) Mylohyoid line of mandible (or mandible retromolar region)

95. The parotid duct crosses which muscle superficial to it?
A) Masseter muscle
B) Masseter muscle (it crosses superficial to masseter then pierces buccinator)
C) Buccinator muscle only
D) Orbicularis oris
Answer: B) Masseter muscle (it crosses superficial to masseter then pierces buccinator)

96. The mandibular teeth sensation is conveyed via branches of:
A) Maxillary nerve (V2)
B) Inferior alveolar nerve (branch of V3)
C) Lingual nerve only
D) Facial nerve sensory branches
Answer: B) Inferior alveolar nerve (branch of V3)

97. The median fibrous septum of the tongue separates:
A) Anterior and posterior parts of tongue
B) Right and left halves of the tongue musculature
C) Dorsal and ventral surfaces
D) Filiform from fungiform papillae
Answer: B) Right and left halves of the tongue musculature

98. The gland of Blandin–Nuhn is located at the:
A) Dorsum of tongue
B) Ventral surface of tongue near tip (minor salivary gland)
C) Soft palate only
D) Pharyngeal wall
Answer: B) Ventral surface of tongue near tip (minor salivary gland)

99. The mucosa posterior to the terminal sulcus is lined by:
A) Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium only
B) Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with lymphoid tissue (lingual tonsil)
C) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
D) Simple columnar epithelium
Answer: B) Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with lymphoid tissue (lingual tonsil)

100. The lymph from the lateral border of the anterior 2/3 of tongue drains primarily to:
A) Submental nodes only
B) Submandibular nodes (and then superior deep cervical nodes)
C) Parotid nodes first
D) Inferior deep cervical nodes directly
Answer: B) Submandibular nodes (and then superior deep cervical nodes)